Abstract
The current global burden of tuberculosis (TB) is one of the greatest challenges to public health, particularly in developing countries, and thus effective diagnostic methods and treatment options for TB remain a central topic in basic and clinical research. Heparin-binding hemagglutinin (HBHA)-specific immune responses have been linked to protection against TB. The binding of HBHA-coated beads to epithelial and endothelial cell layers may trigger transcytosis of the beads, which is the basis for extrapulmonary dissemination. In addition, HBHA has been confirmed as a potential diagnostic marker for TB, and it is important in developing new TB vaccines and anti-TB drugs. Recently, basic research on HBHA has been intensified. The HBHA application in the field of prevention and treatment should be further explored. In addition, the existing research achievements have shown its broad application prospects. Currently, there are no relevant specialized products, and research should be accelerated. These products may contribute to the application of HBHA in the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of TB.
Highlights
Tuberculosis (TB), an infectious disease caused by Myco bacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), remains a global health problem, with an estimated 10.4 million incident c ases of active TB in 2015.1 It is a major infectious disease that kills almost two million people every year, mostly in developing countries, where it poses a major health, social and economic burden.[2]
Many of the antigens which have been tested did not possess adequate sensitivity or specificity, and these assays could not properly distinguish between individuals vaccinated with the Myco bacterium bovis bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine or testing positive for purified protein derivative (PPD) and those with active TB (aTB).[4]
The N-terminal transmembrane region was inserted into the surface membrane to fix Heparin-binding hemagglutinin (HBHA) to the lipid membrane of the surface of the bacteria, thereby enhancing virulence, while the Cterminal domain plays an important role in mediating combination and sulfating the polysaccharide receptor.[9,10]
Summary
Tuberculosis (TB), an infectious disease caused by Myco bacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), remains a global health problem, with an estimated 10.4 million incident c ases of active TB (aTB) in 2015.1 It is a major infectious disease that kills almost two million people every year, mostly in developing countries, where it poses a major health, social and economic burden.[2]. The development of improved, clinically sensitive, rapid, and economical diagnostic tests may provide a powerful tool to better control the epidemic. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods and automatic culture systems have been made available, and these methods are in extensive regular use in laboratories in developed countries.[3]. These diagnostic systems are not suitable for field use. Many of the antigens which have been tested did not possess adequate sensitivity or specificity, and these assays could not properly distinguish between individuals vaccinated with the Myco bacterium bovis bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine or testing positive for purified protein derivative (PPD) and those with aTB.[4]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
