Abstract
ObjectivesChronic inflammation and abnormal cholesterol metabolism are involved in the pathogenesis of gallbladder stone disease (GSD) and that of prostate cancer in experimental studies. We assessed the association between GSD and prostate cancer in this population-based study.ResultsThe cumulative incidence of prostate cancer (log-rank test: P <.001) and the risk of prostate cancer (1.64 vs 1.14 per 10 000 person-y, adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.30, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.22-1.39) were greater in the patients with GSD than in those without GSD. Furthermore, the risk of prostate cancer increased with the time of follow-up after a diagnosis of GSD, particularly after 9 years of follow-up (aHR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.74-2.19).Materials and MethodsWe identified 9496 patients who were diagnosed with GSD between 1998 and 2011 from Taiwan's Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2000 as the study cohort. We randomly selected 37 983 controls from the non-GSD population and used frequency matching by age, sex, and index year for the control cohort. All patient cases were followed until the end of 2011 to measure the incidence of prostate cancer.ConclusionGSD is associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer, and the risk increases with the time of follow-up after a diagnosis of GSD.
Highlights
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men in Western countries
The risk of prostate cancer increased with the time of follow-up after a diagnosis of gallbladder stone disease (GSD), after 9 years of follow-up
GSD is associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer, and the risk increases with the time of follow-up after a diagnosis of GSD
Summary
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men in Western countries. The incidence of prostate cancer is much lower for Asian men, but the reported incidence for Asian migrant men has increased from 10–20 per 100 000 person-years in their native lands to approximately 50 per 100 000 person-years in the United States [3]. The incidence of prostate cancer for Taiwanese men has increased from 7.5/100 000 in 1992 to 23.5/100 000 in 2007 [4]. Gallbladder stone disease (GSD) is a worldwide disease; its prevalence increases with socioeconomic development, and it affects approximately 10% of the adult population in Western countries and 5% of the adult population in Taiwan [5]. The prevalence of GSD is expected to increase with the increasing incidence of the metabolic syndrome, lifestyle westernization worldwide, and widespread use of ultrasound in clinical practice [6, 7]
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