Association between fruit and vegetable consumption and risk of metabolic syndrome determined using the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES).

Abstract

This study examined the association between fruit and vegetable consumption and the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in middle-aged and older adults using data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. A total of 5688 participants aged 40-69years without MetS at baseline were recruited and followed for 8years. Fruit and vegetable consumption was assessed using a semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire at baseline and after 4years. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was used to examine the risk of incident MetS and its components according to fruit and vegetable consumption. A total of 2067 participants (1020 men and 1047 women) developed MetS during the 8-year follow-up period. Frequent fruit consumers (≥ 4 servings/day) had a lower risk of incident MetS than did rare consumers (< 1 serving/day) in both men and women (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.55, 95% CI 0.44-0.67, p < 0.0001 for men; HR = 0.57, 95% CI 0.47-0.70, p for trend < 0.0001 for women) after adjusting for confounders. Frequent fruit consumption was inversely associated with incidence of abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and elevated blood pressure. Frequent vegetable consumption was inversely associated with a risk of hyperglycemia only in men (HR = 0.65, 95% CI 0.44-0.96, p for trend = 0.0275), but no association was observed with risk of incident MetS. High fruit consumption was associated with a reduced risk of incident MetS and its components, whereas high vegetable consumption was associated with a reduced risk of incident hyperglycemia, but not with MetS in middle-aged and older adults.