Abstract
The musculoskeletal system consisting of bones and muscles have been recognized as endocrine organs secreting hormones that are involved in regulating metabolic and inflammatory pathways. Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are associated with several musculoskeletal system complications. We hypothesized that an interaction exists between adipomyokines namely, irisin and METRNL, and various molecules involved in bone remodeling in individuals with obesity and T2D. A total of 228 individuals were enrolled in this study, including 124 non-diabetic (ND) and 104 T2D. A Multiplex assay was used to assess the level of various osteogenic molecules namely osteoactivin, Syndecan, osteoprotegerin (OPG) and osteonectin/SPARC. Our data shows elevated levels of Osteoactivin, Syndecan, OPG and SPARC in T2D as compared to ND individuals (p ≤ 0.05). Using Spearman’s correlation, a positive correlation was observed between irisin and Osteoactivin as well as OPG (p < 0.05). Similarly, a positive association was observed between METRNL and Osteoactivin (p < 0.05). The strong positive association shown in this study between irisin, METRNL and various molecules with osteogenic properties emphasize a possible interaction between these organs. This report suggests that having a dysregulation in the level of the aforementioned molecules could potentially affect the development of bone and muscle related complications that are associated with obesity and T2D.
Highlights
The musculoskeletal system consists mainly of bones and muscles that interacts physically and mechanically to support the body and allow its movement in addition to providing protection to vital organs
In this study plasma levels of osteoactivin and OPG were shown to be increased with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) concomitant with increased levels of irisin and METRNL
Within the non-diabetic population, a positive correlation was seen between osteoactivin and irisin as well as with METRNL
Summary
The musculoskeletal system consists mainly of bones and muscles that interacts physically and mechanically to support the body and allow its movement in addition to providing protection to vital organs. Both bones and muscles have been recognized as endocrine organs secreting hormones that are involved in regulating metabolic and inflammatory pathways [1]. Obesity and diabetes cause several complications associated with the musculoskeletal system including osteoporosis and sarcopenia [3, 4]. Hallmarks of diabetes and metabolic diseases including insulin resistance, oxidative stress as well as lipid infiltration in muscles amongst the pathophysiological causes of sarcopenia [4]. Several factors affecting muscle mass and various osteogenic molecules have been shown to be dysregulated with diabetes and obesity [7]
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