Abstract
PurposeFatty acid composition in blood and adipose tissue (AT) is a useful biomarker of dietary fat quality. However, circulating saturated fatty acids (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) have been proposed to also reflect carbohydrate-induced de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) activity. We aimed to test the hypothesis that high carbohydrate intake is related to SFA and MUFA in serum or AT in a Swedish population.MethodsFatty acid composition was measured in serum phospholipids (PL) and AT by gas chromatography in 63-year-old men (n = 299). Carbohydrate and alcohol intake was assessed (validated 7-day food records) in relation to total SFA, 16:0 (palmitate), 16:1 (palmitoleate), and estimated SCD activity (16:1n-7/16:0-ratio) in serum PL and in AT, respectively.ResultsTotal carbohydrate intake was inversely associated with 16:0 in PL (P = 0.005), independently of BMI. Disaccharides were non-linearly (restricted cubic splines) and weakly associated with 16:1 and SCD activity in PL (nonlinear trend, P ≤ 0.02) but not AT. Carbohydrate intake and SCD expression were not associated (P ≥ 0.08, n = 81). Alcohol intake was, however, linearly associated with 16:0 in PL (P < 0.001), and with 16:1 (P < 0.001) and SCD activity (P ≤ 0.005) in both PL and AT.ConclusionsHigher carbohydrate intake from sugar-rich foods or beverages was not clearly reflected by higher SFA or SCD activity in serum PL or AT. Alcohol was, however, associated with higher SFA and MUFA.
Highlights
IntroductionFatty acid (FA) composition in plasma lipids and adipose tissue (AT) are widely used as biomarkers of dietary fat quality
Fatty acid (FA) composition in plasma lipids and adipose tissue (AT) are widely used as biomarkers of dietary fat quality.Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.Matti Marklund and Ulf Risérus contributed to this work.whereas essential polyunsaturated FAs are overall useful biomarkers of PUFA intake, even-chain saturated fatty acids (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) are weaker biomarkers of dietary intake
Since the AT SFA turnover is lower than in serum lipids, and that de novo lipogenesis (DNL) may occur in AT, we found it of high interest to investigate FAs in AT
Summary
Fatty acid (FA) composition in plasma lipids and adipose tissue (AT) are widely used as biomarkers of dietary fat quality. Whereas essential polyunsaturated FAs are overall useful biomarkers of PUFA intake, even-chain saturated fatty acids (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) are weaker biomarkers of dietary intake. This discrepancy among FA biomarkers may in part be due to the fact that SFA are non-essential and are to some extent endogenously synthesized. The major SFA palmitic acid (16:0) seems to be tightly regulated and can be readily desaturated to MUFA by stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) [1]
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