Abstract
Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc. is an important fruit crop of the subtropical region, originating in China. It blooms earlier than other deciduous fruit trees, but different regions have different blooming periods. The time of anthesis is related to the dormancy period, and a certain amount of chilling promotes bud break and blooming. To identify the relationship between blooming time and the climatic adaptation of P. mume cultivars in China, the nuclear and chloroplast genomes of 19 cultivars from the main cultivation areas of P. mume in China were resequenced. The average depth of coverage was 34X–76X, and a total of 388,134 single nucleotide polymorphisms were located within the coding regions of the gene (CDs). Additionally, the 19 cultivar accessions were divided into three groups based on their blooming time: early, mid, and late. Associated with the blooming time groups, 21 selective sweep regions were identified, which could provide evidence supporting the possible model of P. mume domestication originating due to natural selection. Furthermore, we identified a flowering gene, FRIGIDA‐LIKE 3 (FRL3), seems to affect the blooming time and the climatic adaptation of P. mume cultivars. This study is a major step toward understanding the climatic adaptation of P. mume cultivars in China.
Highlights
| MATERIALS AND METHODSA total of 19 P. mume accessions were collected and resequenced
According to the blooming time groups, we identified a total of 127 Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), and 54 genes associated with these SNPs (SNPs within the gene or 2 kb upstream or downstream of the gene; Figure 5, Table S6)
We found that fruiting P. mume has higher genetic diversity than ornamental P. mume
Summary
A total of 19 P. mume accessions were collected and resequenced. The selected regions of early blooming time cultivars had a mean size of 173.8 kb, covered a total length of 3.65 Mb (1.3% of the genome; Table 4, and harbored 371 genes (Figure 4b, Table S5). According to the blooming time groups, we identified a total of 127 SNPs, and 54 genes associated with these SNPs (SNPs within the gene or 2 kb upstream or downstream of the gene; Figure 5, Table S6) As it turns out, our method provided quite satisfactory results about GWAS, as shown by the p-value of the Q-Q plot (Figure S2), in which the postcorrection p-values were found to be close to the expected curves. The relationship between SNPs related to FRL3 and blooming time in 19 cultivars was shown in the Figure 6
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