Association and Correlation of Laboratory Investigation Values and Disease Outcome among COVID-19 Patients in a Tertiary Care Medical College in India

Abstract

Background- COVID-19 and post-COVID sequel are a persistent challenge in India. We as tertiary careinstitute, managed much of the COVID-19 cases. We have studied associations between COVID-19disease outcomes and common lab investigation values to ascertain their association by analyzing 467 RTPCR confirmed COVID-19 cases.Methods- Records of 467 RTPCR confirmed COVID-19 admitted in ICU were analyzed. Descriptivedata about routine investigation taking all admitted patients as a single cohort were analyzed. Further, patients were divided into 2 groups, those requiring ventilatory support and those not requiring ventilatory support, independent sample t-test was applied to ascertain differences in mean values of investigation in these groups. Pts were also divided according to the severity in chest X-ray films by using RALES score as criteria. A hierarchical regression analysis study was done and model was developed.Results- The descriptive data of investigation values mean median mode and CI was calculated forall admitted patients as single cohort. Among cohort of patients requiring ventilatory support vs notrequiring ventilatory support, an independent t-sample test indicated significant differences of meanvalues (2-tailed p-value < 0.05) among these groups, differences in pulse, SpO2, total leucocyte count, neutrophil%, lymphocyte%, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), serum sodium (S.Na), serumpotassium (S.K), serum urea, serum creatinine, serum ferritin, serum lactate dehydrogenase (S LDH),d-dimer, C reactive protein (CRP), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), chest X-rayradiographic assessment of lung edema (RALE) score. Among the cohort divided on chest X-ray severity on RALES score, we applied hierarchical regression analysis, further 5 tests values were found to pedict adverse RALES outcome more closely, those were SpO2, CRP, LDH, ferritin, RBS on admission with p-values and beta coefficient significant.Conclusion- There is significant association with specific laboratory investigations and adverse disease outcome on COVID-19 pneumonia.