Abstract
Water quality of Rosetta Branch may be changed by several factors in the last decades as a result of anthropogenic activities. So, it’s important to study the physicochemical characteristics of both water and sediment in the Rosetta Branch. Two identified sources are the main origin of most pollutants in this branch, namely: El-Rahawy drain and industrial activities in Kafr El-Zayat city. From the data of water quality index (WQI) based on six important parameters (pH, T °C, DO, BOD, COD and TP), it indicates that site 2 (from Kom Hamada to Edfina) is more polluted than the other two sites (from El-Qanater El-Khairia to Kom Hamada and from Edfina to Rosetta). The concentrations of heavy metals increase in sites that are more affected by drainage water from different drains. Great efforts are needed and wastewater must be treated before draining it into the River Nile water.
Highlights
The River Nile is the major regular and voluminous supply of water secured in Egypt [1] [2]
Suphates were estimated gravimetrically and the total dissolved phosphorus was determined by direct stannous chloride method [17], while the total nitrogen was determined by the micro-Kjeldahl method according to Allen et al [18] and heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cu, Ni, Cd and Co) were carried out according to Allen et al [19]
We can say that Edfina dam acts as artificial barrier which prevents natural equilibrium between Rosetta Branch and the Mediterranean Sea, this is agrees with El-Amier et al [23] on environmental changes along Damietta Branch
Summary
The River Nile is the major regular and voluminous supply of water secured in Egypt [1] [2]. In a survey of world freshwater, it has been reported that Egypt is one among the top first ten countries to be scare of water by the year 2025 due to the rapidly increasing population [3]. The agricultural activities and domestic wastes are the main sources of water pollutants in the River Nile. The Rosetta Branch runs for about 220 km in length with average width 180 m and with an average depth varies between 1.5 - 16.0 m. (2015) Assessment the Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Water and Sediment in Rosetta Branch, Egypt. Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 7, 1075-1086.
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