Abstract
It is well known that water is a natural resource without which all living things cannot exist. It is a natural requirement for all living things to have access to water if they have to be alive. It seems so why the 70 percent of our planet, earth, covered by water though the world population is facing water scarcity. Such scarcity of water is urging people to use water from unprotected sources which the world urban poor and rural population are highly affected by. As it is known ‘water is life’ because it gives life for all, on the contrary many are dying as a result of unsafe drinking water. The objective of this study was to assess the water supply and sanitation situation in the Bishan Guracha. By conducting an assessment one can determine water supply and sanitation coverage and identify water supply and sanitation problems in the sub-city and then propose solutions to improve water supply and sanitation coverage. In this research finding the main defined objective ideas are current water supply coverage, distribution system, water quality, demand analysis at present and future forecasting, analysis the sanitation status, and finally sate the solution for every weak part of the research results specifically. Water supply coverage status 20% water supply fulfills from the water points and the rest 80% of water supply requirement is fulfilled by hand dug well and in some extent rain fall collecting. The quality condition of water supply as WHO and Ethiopian drinking water quality standard both water points and hand dug well water are evaluated. Sanitation coverage is defined as the percentage of the population with access to adequate (improved) sanitation facilities that hygienically separate human excreta from human contact. Keywords: Design period, population forecasting, peak demand, peak hour DOI: 10.7176/CER/13-4-03 Publication date: June 30 th 2021
Highlights
The total current water supply discharge for the town was calculated by using Bernoulli’s Equation: Q=AV=Πr2 *V (I) Where, Q= Current total discharge V= standard flow velocity r= radius of the pipe (20mm) When we look the water losses it is not that much serious cause and it is not necessary to consider at this assessment
Generally the water supply and sanitation status of bishan guracha sub city is unsatisfactory means that the current water supply for the community is not enough or the coverage of supply to the demand unbalance
The present population number is above current water supply availability in present the coverage is 20% the rest of 80% is use www.iiste.org traditional hand dug well water
Summary
General Backgrounds of the Respondents Table 2:-General Background of the Respondents An understanding of these can help the researcher to see which areas are critical for enhancing water supply and sanitation schemes. As the researcher comprehend from the collected data, households with 1-5 members need a maximum of 80 liters of water per day; on the other hand households with 6-10 members need a maximum of 120 liters of water per day. This variation in the liters of water needed per day shows that the household size determines the liters of water need per day. This means that as the size of Households Increases, The Amount of Water Needed per Day Increases
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