Abstract
Objective: Surgical site infections [SSI] are the leading cause of hospital-acquired infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether surgical site infections can be reduced with two or more antibiotics regimen versus one or no antibiotic regimen in post-operative surgery.Methods: The patients were grouped into 2 groups. Group A (two or more antibiotics regimen) and Group B (one or no antibiotic regimen). Then the patients were followed on 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th week respectively after surgery to check for any surgical site infection by direct interviewing the patients. Results: The overall surgical site infection rate was 48.3 % (58 out of 120 patients). However, this study was more dominated by female patients–there were 63% female patients compared to 37 % male patients enrolled in this study. Also, the post-operative surgical site infection was comparatively observed more in female patients than in male. General surgery department too had many gynaecology related patients followed by Orthopaedic and Endocrinology surgeries. Results revealed that the patients in Group A (Two or more antibiotics) had significantly lower number of surgical site infections when compared with Group B (One or no antibiotics) with p<0.001.Conclusion: Our study concludes that patients receiving two or more antibiotics had significantly less number of post-operative surgical site infections when compared to patients receiving one or no antibiotics and following two or more antibiotics can reduce the excess hospital cost.
Highlights
Surgical site infections [SSI] are the leading cause of hospitalacquired infections[1] and are associated with excess hospital costs [2].SSI can lead to economic loss and injury to patients due to several factors including the need for prolonged use of antimicrobial drugs and secondary surgery among others
Surgical site infection was correlated with increased age, surgery type, antibiotics used, the occurrence of SSI in group A and Group B which are given in fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3, fig. 4 and fig. 5 and table 1
General surgery department too had many gynaecology related patients followed by Orthopaedic and Endocrinology surgeries [20]
Summary
Surgical site infections [SSI] are the leading cause of hospitalacquired infections[1] and are associated with excess hospital costs [2].SSI can lead to economic loss and injury to patients due to several factors including the need for prolonged use of antimicrobial drugs and secondary surgery among others.The risk factors associated with infection are those intrinsic to the patient, such as smoking, diabetes, malnutrition, obesity, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic use of corticosteroids and neoplasm and extrinsic such as increased surgical time and a high number of professionals in the surgical field.Some measures adopted in the intraoperative and immediate postoperative period may help to decrease the rate of postoperative infections. The risk factors associated with infection are those intrinsic to the patient, such as smoking, diabetes, malnutrition, obesity, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic use of corticosteroids and neoplasm and extrinsic such as increased surgical time and a high number of professionals in the surgical field. Surgical antibiotic prophylaxis means the use of antibiotics to prevent infections at the surgical site. Infection rates for breast surgery are 3 to 15 percent higher than average for a clean surgical procedure. Preoperative and postoperative antibiotics have lowered infection rates in other surgical groups, yet there is no consensus on postoperative prophylactic antibiotic use in breast surgery[4, 5]
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