Abstract
Glioma of infiltrative nature is challenging for surgeons to achieve tumor-specific and maximal resection. Raman spectroscopy provides structural information on the targeted materials as vibrational shifts. We utilized Raman spectroscopy to distinguish invasive tumors from normal tissues. Spectra obtained from replication-competent avian sarcoma-(RCAS-) based infiltrative glioma cells and glioma tissues (resembling low-grade human glioma) were compared with those obtained from normal mouse astrocytes and normal tissues. In cell analysis, the spectra at 950–1000, 1030, 1050–1100, 1120–1130, 1120–1200, 1200–1300, 1300–1350, and 1450 cm−1 were significantly higher in infiltrative glioma cells than in normal astrocytes. In brain tissue analysis, the spectra at 1030, 1050–1100, and 1200–1300 cm−1 were significantly higher in infiltrative glioma tissues than in normal brain tissues. These spectra reflect the structures of proteins, lipids, and DNA content. The sensitivity and specificity to predict glioma cells by distinguishing normal cells were 98.3% and 75.0%, respectively. Principal component analysis elucidated the significance of spectral difference between tumor tissues and normal tissues. It is possible to distinguish invasive tumors from normal tissues by using Raman spectroscopy.
Highlights
IntroductionCurrent treatment regimens, including surgery followed by chemoradiotherapy, have improved the outcomes of patients with malignant glioma (MG) to some extent [2]
Glioma is the most common and lethal primary brain tumor [1]
We investigated whether Raman spectroscopy distinguished glioma tissues from normal brain tissues in an ex vivo infiltrative glioma mouse model
Summary
Current treatment regimens, including surgery followed by chemoradiotherapy, have improved the outcomes of patients with malignant glioma (MG) to some extent [2]. Those improvements have not shown sufficient impact, and long-term control of the disease is rarely achieved. The extent of tumor resection is one of the main determinants of prognosis. Due to the infiltrative nature of gliomas, it is often challenging for surgeons to determine the resection border for tumors that appear in normal brain. Several useful modalities have been developed for safe and maximum tumor resection, such as neuronavigation, electrophysiological monitoring, intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and fluorescentguided surgery; these modalities and technologies are not fully satisfactory. In an attempt to achieve tumor-specific resection that leads to a more favorable outcome, new methods to detect tumor boundaries more precisely, and in real-time during surgery, must be developed
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