Abstract
The redox potential of goat serum was assessed by different spectrophotometric assays. Among them, three methods are commonly applied for the evaluation of the oxidative (reactive oxygen metabolites, ROMs, and total oxidant status, TOS) and nitrosative (NO metabolites, ) stress, and four methods for the evaluation of the antioxidant status: the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) based on the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), the total antioxidant activity (TAA) based on the reduction of the coloured ABTS radical cation, the free radical scavenging activity (FRSA) based on the reduction of the purple DPPH, and the total thiol levels (TTLs) based on their interaction with DTNB to form a highly coloured anion. Besides, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and ceruloplasmin oxidase (CP) activities were also assessed.Except for TAA, analytical data showed a great inter-individual variation for both oxidant and antioxidant assays. ROMs were strongly correlated with CP, while TOS with MPO and TAC. Furthermore, a tendency between TOS and FRSA was shown. was correlated with TAC and TAA, and a tendency with TOS was shown. No correlations appeared among the antioxidant assays, even if a tendency between TAC and TAA was evidenced, but TAC was correlated with MPO activity. The observed correlation between ROMs and CP is discussed as a possible analytical interference.The absence of correlation among the antioxidant biomarkers suggests the simultaneous use of a panel of tests to verify any changes in the redox balance, mainly in livestock in which reference values for each biomarker are lacking.
Highlights
Oxidative stress (OS), generally defined as an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) and the capacity to detoxify reactive intermediates or to repair the consequent damage by an appropriate antioxidant defence system, has been associated with several physiological and pathological conditions in livestock (Lykkesfeldt and Svendsen, 2007; Celi, 2011a)
The inter-individual coefficients of variation (CVs) of all the assessed parameters were substantial, except for Total antioxidant activity (TAA) (6.65) and at least in part Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (21.54), Free radical scavenging activity (FRSA) (20.69), and TTLs (18.42), and the data are strongly scattered around the mean, indicating that the changes in these assays are relatively large
As regards the two oxidant assays (ROMs and Total oxidant status (TOS)), no correlation appeared (r = 0.122), but Reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs) were strongly correlated with CP oxidase activity (r = 0.757, p
Summary
Oxidative stress (OS), generally defined as an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) and the capacity to detoxify reactive intermediates or to repair the consequent damage by an appropriate antioxidant defence system, has been associated with several physiological and pathological conditions in livestock (Lykkesfeldt and Svendsen, 2007; Celi, 2011a). The growing interest in the effect of OS and antioxidantenriched diets on livestock welfare and the quality of derived products has prompted the use of analytical methods, already in use in human medicine for many years, for the evaluation of the redox potential in animal biological samples (Cecchini et al, 2019; Celi, 2011a; Chávez-Servín et al, 2018; Di Trana et al, 2015; Giorgio et al, 2019; Todaro et al, 2017) These assays are primarily intended for use in clinical studies, but their application in experiments is not excluded. Among the methods applied to assess the oxidant/antioxidant status of biological samples, most of them are spectrophotometric assays and can be auto-
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