Assessment of the use of boron-doped diamond electrode for highly sensitive voltammetric determination of the azo-dye carmoisine E−122 in food and environmental matrices

Abstract

A new protocol for the analysis of the azo-dye carmoisine (CMS) is presented by coupling differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) with a cathodically pretreated boron-doped diamond electrode (CPT-BDDE), in phosphate buffer solution (pH 2.0). The CMS presented diffusion-controlled oxidation and reduction peaks at +0.88 and −0.15 V vs Ag/AgCl, respectively. The effect of the pretreatment conditions, pH, and supporting electrolytes were evaluated to the voltammetric determination of CMS. Under optimized conditions, the differential pulse voltammetric signals for CMS were linear over the concentration range of 0.059–1.31 μmol L−1 and 0.010–0.079 μmol L−1 with limits of detection of 7.0 and 3.0 nmol L−1, for the anodic and cathodic processes respectively. The method was precise for CMS determination (RSD < 5.0%) and selective against other dyes. The developed protocol was successfully applied in the analysis of CMS in surface water and foodstuffs with accurate results in comparison with those obtained using a validated spectrophotometric method.