Abstract
Graywater (GW), i.e., the portion of household wastewater that excludes toilet flushes, is an interesting wastewater type because it requires only mild treatment. Green walls have been proposed as ...
Highlights
United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs) 6.3 and 6.4 synergically promote novel strategies for overcoming the water stress scenario at the global level, giving safe water reuse, even at the household level, an essential role in reducing freshwater withdrawals and improving water use efficiency
Constructed wetlands (CWs) are low-cost Nature-based solutions (NBS) for wastewater treatment and have been used to successfully treat GW.[6−9] the surface needed for CWs is scarce in urban areas; green walls have been proposed for GW treatment to save horizontal space.[10]
This value is much higher than the values of daily precipitation recorded during the sampling period (0− 30.8 L m−2 day−1), and it falls at the highest range of hydraulic loading rate (HLR) usually employed in both vertical CWs and green walls for GW treatment.[10,24,34]
Summary
United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs) 6.3 and 6.4 synergically promote novel strategies for overcoming the water stress scenario at the global level, giving safe water reuse, even at the household level, an essential role in reducing freshwater withdrawals and improving water use efficiency. All of these configurations provide multiple benefits, such as high thermal/energy performance, air quality improvement, urban heat-island mitigation, and better quality of life.[10,15,16]
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