Abstract
This article deals with the assessment of the structural changes of the national economy of Ukraine, which proposed to implement by applying the integrated index of structural changes, assessment of the structural changes of the sectoral structure of GDP, at determining the weighting coefficients and construction which uses the “golden ratio” rule. This approach is based on the theoretical completion of the economics as for the progressive development and transformation of society and the economy of the country according to the technological criterion, as well as the sectoral division of the national economy. The choice of components of the integrated index for structural changes is due to the sectoral division of GDP into industry, agriculture and services, and further distribution according to the sectoral structure of the national economy. The proposed integrated index reflects the consistent (ideal) GDP structure inherent in the post-industrial economy, while the deviation of the values in the real structure shows structural changes in the national economy of Ukraine and 28 countries of the European Union. The research justifies the weighting coefficients for the selected sectors of the economy, depending on the technological complexity of the process of producing goods (works, services). The article deals with the results of the calculation of the integrated index of the structural changes in the sectoral structure of GDP and its structural elements, as well as the analysis of the reasons for the deviations of real indicators from the consistent ones. The calculations show the crisis phenomena in both the Ukrainian economy and the EU countries, which are explained by the debt crisis in the EU in 2013 and the release of the UK with the EU. The domestic economy shows significant deviations in virtually all sectors, indicating a low level of economy, a non-conformity between supply and demand in the labor market, a low level of innovation, and the inertia of transformational processes in the transition to the post-industrial stage of production. The application of the proposed methodology will allow us to identify strategic directions for the development of sectors of the national economy and develop projection scenarios
Highlights
In the conditions of post-industrial economy, globalization transformations and informatization of society, there is a significant change, firstly, of the nature of labor, where intellectualization and the ability to work with large volumes of information are at the top, and secondly, the division of production activity by the sectoral principle being the basis for the new intellectual and creative sector, and thirdly - the change of the vector of satisfaction of material needs to the cultural and personal [1], and the change of the person's motivational complex [2]
The concept of structural changes directly relates to the definition of models for the development of the national economy, one of which is sectoral, it reflects the progressive development and transformation of society and economy according to the technological criterion
The author [5] determined by the consistent structure of the economy, which characterized the postindustrial stage, in the following proportion: services sector – 62 %, industrial sector – 24 %, agriculture – 14 %, which determined the basic coefficients in the integrated index of the assessment of the changes in the sectoral structure of GDP by the three-sector model
Summary
In the conditions of post-industrial economy, globalization transformations and informatization of society, there is a significant change, firstly, of the nature of labor, where intellectualization and the ability to work with large volumes of information are at the top, and secondly, the division of production activity by the sectoral principle being the basis for the new intellectual and creative sector, and thirdly - the change of the vector of satisfaction of material needs to the cultural and personal [1], and the change of the person's motivational complex [2]. They proposed an economic and mathematical model that takes into account the structural and technological requirements of the postindustrial stage of the development of the world economy, as well as predicted a sectoral model of the development of the national economy for the long-term period to achieve the level of development of the EU-27 and Poland, according to which Ukraine should increase the ratio of quaternary and quinary sectors in reducing the primary and tertiary sectors [9]. Despite such a powerful array of scientific achievements in this regard, significant gaps in our opinion, is the lack of modern techniques of reasonable assessment of structural changes in the national economy in that sectors that will allow Ukraine in the future to move to a higher level of technological complexity and to solve the problem of forming the labor market structure that corresponds to the post-industrial stage of the national economy
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