Assessment of the quality of winter soft wheat varieties in the Volga region

Abstract

The results of research on ordinary chernozem in the grain-steam crop rotation to identify new promising varieties with high grain quality for modern technologies of cultivation of winter soft wheat in the arid conditions of the Samara Volga region are presented. Under contrasting weather conditions for 2019-2021, when testing 17 varieties, the maximum average grain yield was formed by the varieties Marathon, Basis, Blizzard, Kalach 60, Pearl of the Volga region, Scepter, Malachite, Alternative, Novoershovskaya – 4.38-4.60 t/ha. On average, during the three years of testing, the varieties Svetoch – 49 g, Malachite, Volga 86 by 41 g, Saratov 17 – 785 g/l, Bezenchuk 380 – 783 g/l, Basis – 780 g/l and Severodonetsk jubilee – 779 g/l were distinguished by the weight of 1000 grains. In terms of protein content in grain for the same period, the highest values were found in the varieties Volga 86 and Volga niva by 15.2%, Bezenchukskaya 380 and Blizzard by 15.0%, in terms of gluten content – Severodonetsk jubilee, Saratov 17, Turquoise – 32.1-33.8%. On average, in two years, the Blizzard variety stood out in terms of the indicator. The remaining varieties showed the second class of gluten quality. Correlation analysis established a direct relationship between the mass of 1000 seeds and nature with yield (r=0.54-1.00) and the reverse with protein and gluten content (r= - 0.55 to -1.00). Based on the conducted research, when cultivating winter soft wheat in the arid conditions of the Volga region, the most promising varieties with high yield and grain quality are Marathon, Kalach 60, Blizzard, Basis, Malachite Severodonetsk jubilee.