Abstract
Abstract As a priority military facility, underground constructions are high-value targets for earth-penetrating warheads. The lethal effect is different from that of open areas due to the confined internal space. In this study, numerical simulation and theoretical calculation are used to quantitatively and comparatively evaluate the performance of a 500-kg deep earth penetrating warhead charged with TNT, PBXN-109, and AFX-757 in a specific underground fortification. This evaluation considers the lethality of the shock wave, thermal effects, and case fragments, and the experimental data verify the reliability of the simulation results. Additionally, a three-segment simplified model is used to analyse the percentage of detonation energy for each segment and the main fragments generation ratio of the 500-kg deep earth penetrating warhead’s case. The results show that, for the shock wave, the overpressure peak at the same distance from the detonation centre is up to 7 times higher due to wall reflections, and AFX-757 has the most significant shockwave effect. For the thermal effect, AFX-757 has the highest burst temperature, followed by PBXN-109. The high temperature in the confined space lasts longer, and the damage caused by thermal effects cannot be ignored. For fragments, theoretical calculations and numerical simulations were used to determine the proportion of detonation energy in each part of the case. It was concluded that for high-velocity deep penetration warheads, the fragments generated are mainly concentrated in the middle cylindrical section. The results of this study can provide guidance for the design of earth-penetrating warheads, the damage assessment of confined space, and the designation of engineering protection standards.
Published Version
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