Abstract
In Northwest Russia, creation and introduction of new varieties of cereals characterized by early maturity, high adaptive potential and ecological plasticity is one of the most important tasks. A new generation of barley varieties is needed that combines high yields with early maturity, high feed qualities of grain, and resistance to lodging and grain shedding. We carried out field and laboratory studies of a new variety of spring barley Fermerskiy in an experimental field of the Leningrad Research Institute of Agriculture "Belogorka". In 2021, Fermersky was transferred for state variety testing. The variety is midseason and the growing season is 72–87 days. Over three years of competitive variety testing (2018–2020), the yield increase was 1.25 t/ha relative to the Suzdalets standard (3.12 t/ha). The highest yield of 5.27 t/ha was obtained in 2019, under conditions of low moisture supply. The average index of ecological plasticity (Jsp) was 1.48 (min 1.11, max 1.94). The adaptive potential (ds/dk) was 7.91 (min 6.92, max 9.08), The Fermerskiy variety consistently formed a high yield and was characterized by ecological plasticity, early maturity, and resistance to diseases and lodging.
Highlights
Barley is a genus of the family Gramineae; it is one of the most ancient grain crops cultivated by man and one of the most ancient cultivated plant
Productivity is one of the main features that characterizes the economic value of a variety
The analysis of variance showed that heat supply is a determining factor in the yield of both varieties
Summary
Barley is a genus of the family Gramineae; it is one of the most ancient grain crops cultivated by man and one of the most ancient cultivated plant. In the Middle East, wheat and barley were domesticated by 10,000 years ago [1,2,3,4,5,6]. Wild barley (Hordeum vulgare) grows over a vast area, from Crete and North Africa in the west to the Tibetan mountains in the east. Barley is a fast and early ripening crop, and one of the most adapted to growing in a wide variety of climatic conditions, from subarctic to subtropical [12,13,14,15,16]. Barley is widespread in various climatic zones (except for equatorial), up to 70 degree North. In the mountains it rises above all other crops. Barley adapts to different soils and, in comparison with wheat, is more resistant to drought and less demanding in terms of soil fertility [17]
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