Abstract

2007년 7월 19일 아프가니스탄에서 한국인 봉사단 23명이 납치되어, 2명이 피살되었고 43일 만에 21명이 석방된 충격적인 사건이 발생하였다. 아프가니스탄 피랍사건 당시 비록 2명이 살해당하였으나, 한국 정부는 범정부적 석방노력을 통 해 생존한 21명을 무사히 석방시켜 국제사회에서 인질협상의 성공사례로 평가되기도 한다. 그러나 테러방지법의 부재로 인한 미흡한 대테러 체계 및 여행금지국 늑장 지정, 인질협상 전략 부족, 테러단체와 직접협상, 석방금 지급 논란 등의 문제점이 나타났다. 향후 한국 정부는 해외 인질테러에 대한 실효성 있는 인질협상과 대테 러 활동을 강화하기 위해서 다음과 같은 발전방향을 추진해야할 것이다. 첫째, 한국 정부는 2016년 3월 제정된 테러방지법에 근거하여 국가 대테러 정책을 종합적으로 수립하고 테러공격의 탐지·경보·예방, 국내외 테러정보의 수집·분석·배포, 대테러 활동역량 강화 및 주요국 정보기관과의 테러정보 협력을 증진시켜야한다. 해외 테러위험지역에 진출한 교민·기업·여행객 보호대책을 실질적으로 뒷받침하기 위한 재외국민보호법 마련 및 전담기구를 보강할 필요가 있다. 둘째, 테러조직과의 직접 협상불가라는 원칙을 밝히고, 상황에 따라 국제적인 원칙을 훼손하지 않는 범위에서 유연성을 발휘하여 협상에 임해야한다. 셋째, 정부의 대테러 전담부서의 확충과 공조체제를 강화해야한다. 넷째, 아프가니스탄 인질사태와 유사한 재외국민 피랍사태가 발생할 경우, 상황에 따라 해외에서 인질을 구출할 군사작전 전담부대의 운용을 검토할 필요가 있다. 마지막으로 국제 테러방지 네트워크 구축과 다차원적 대테러 국제협력 강화 를 위해 주요국들과의 양자 협력채널 구축, 테러위험지역 국가들과 전략적 협의 채널 마련 및 유엔 등 범세계적·포괄적 대테러 협력에 적극 참여해야 할 것이다.On July 19, 2007, 23 South Korean volunteers were kidnapped in Afghanistan, two were killed and another 21 people were released in 43 days. Even though there were two people were killed in Afghanistan, the South Korean government released 21 survivors through whole government efforts to release the hostages, which is regarded as a successful case of hostage negotiation in the international community. However, there were problems such as lack of anti-terrorism law resulted in insufficiency of counterterrorism system and late issue of the travel ban nation, lack of hostage negotiation strategy, direct negotiations with terrorist organizations, and controversy over ransom payment. In the future, the Korean government should pursue the following development direction to strengthen effective hostage negotiations and counterterrorism activities against hostage terrorism abroad. First, Korean government will establish comprehensive anti-terrorism policies based on the Act on Anti-Terrorism enacted in March 2016, and will take measures to detect, alert, and prevent terrorist attacks, collect and analyze domestic and international terrorist intelligence, and strengthen counterterrorism activities. It should promote terrorism intelligence cooperation with intelligence agencies of major countries. It is necessary to reinforce the laws for the protection of overseas residents, and to establish dedicated organizations to support the protection measures for migrants, enterprises and tourists who have entered the danger zone of foreign terrorism. Second, it should clarify the principle that it can not negotiate directly with the terrorist organization in the future, and it should be flexible in the extent that the international principle is not damaged according to the situation. Third, the government should strengthen the cooperation and expansion of dedicated departments for counterterrorism. Fourth, it is necessary to examine the operation of a dedicated military operation unit to rescue the hostages abroad in case of an abduction of overseas Koreans similar to the hostage situation in Afghanistan. Finally, in order to build an international terrorism prevention network and strengthen international cooperation on multidimensional counterterrorism, it should be actively involved in establishing bilateral cooperation channels with major countries, establishing a strategic consultation channel with countries in risk areas of terrorism, and involving the UN and other global and comprehensive counterterrorism cooperation.

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