Abstract
Abstract: The objective of this work was to induce and detect somaclonal variation in arracacha (Arracacia xanthorrhiza) plants regenerated via indirect morphogenesis, in order to evaluate the potential of this technique to produce new genotypes for breeding purposes of this crop. Calli were induced from petiole segments on Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium supplied with 0.1 mg L-1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. The regeneration of plants via indirect morphogenesis was carried out on half-strength MS medium without plant growth regulators. Fifteen randomly chosen plants were subjected to flow cytometry and “inter-simple sequence repeat” (ISSR) analysis. Ploidy level remained stable in all tested regenerants (2n=4x=44), with no changes in the genome. Eighteen ISSR primers produced a total of 1,584 fragments in all samples. Two ISSR primers produced four polymorphic fragments in 26.7% of the tested samples. Somaclonal variation in arracacha is a result of plant regeneration via indirect morphogenesis and can be detected by ISSR markers.
Highlights
Arracacha (Arracacia xanthorrhiza Bancroft) is a perennial root crop from the Apiaceae family, native to the Andean highlands from Venezuela to Bolivia (Orílio et al, 2013)
The objective of this work was to induce and detect somaclonal variation in arracacha (Arracacia xanthorrhiza) plants regenerated via indirect morphogenesis, in order to evaluate the potential of this technique to produce new genotypes for breeding purposes of this crop
The chromosome number in the somatic cells of the control plant material was 2n=44, which corresponds to the tetraploid chromosomal level (4x) (Figure 2). These results indicate that, despite the general presumption that plant material grown in tissue culture shows especially unstable DNA content (Sliwinska, 2018), arracacha plants proved to be stable and not susceptible to ploidy level changes during in vitro cultivation
Summary
Arracacha (Arracacia xanthorrhiza Bancroft) is a perennial root crop from the Apiaceae family, native to the Andean highlands from Venezuela to Bolivia (Orílio et al, 2013). It is cultivated in Brazil (Carvalho et al, 2018), a few parts of Central America, and in the Caribbean, showing potential to be distributed as a root crop in the highlands of tropical areas in Asia and Africa (National Research Council, 1989). The bacteria Erwinia spp. is considered to be the most harmful to storage roots, whereas a number of fungi attack different plant organs: Slerotinia sclerotiorum causes the plant and root to rot, and Sclerotium rolfsii, Fusarium sp., Phoma sp. The vegetative propagation of arracacha leads to the accumulation of pathogens (Orílio et al, 2013)
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