Assessment of Self-Efficacy for Combining the Five Types of Food Groups of Fifth and Sixth Grade Children Who Belonged to Soccer Clubs and Their Parents

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Abstract Objectives The objective of this study was to develop self-efficacy scale for “combining the five types of food groups” for fifth and six grade children in sports clubs and their parents. Methods This was cross-sectional study. The subjects were one hundred fifth and sixth grade Japanese boys who belonged to two soccer clubs and their parents. Children assessed their dietary consumption for a week, and both children and parents examined self-efficacy about “combining the five types of food groups”. Dietary consumption was based on the five types of food groups, that is “shushoku(grains)”, “shusai(protein)”, ” hukusai(vegetables)”, fruit, dairy. Six and seven self-efficacy items were set for children and their parents. Each response was rated on a five-point Likert scale. Players were asked the following question: “How sure are you that you eat a meal that combines the five food groups in the following situations?” There were 6 responses. Parents were asked the following question: “How sure are you that you always prepare a meal that combines the five food groups for your children in the following situations?” There were 7 response items. Results No items had a bias score of more than 50% in the sports players, and three items were excluded in the analysis of the parents. Result of the exploratory factor analysis, four items were selected for players and four for their parents. Self-efficacy scores were Cronbach's alpha scores were 0.77 for players and 0.81 for their parents, which confirms sufficient reliability. The number of answers for the selected self-efficacy items were totaled as self-efficacy scores. Children's self-efficacy scores were significantly associated with “hukusai”. Parents’ self-efficacy scores were significantly all types of food. Conclusions These findings suggest that self-efficacy scale of combining five types of food groups could be evaluated for fifth and sixth grade children who belonged to soccer clubs and their parents. Funding Sources The authors declare no conflicts of interest associated with this study.