Abstract
BackgroundNeonatal sepsis is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates. Frequency of bacterial sepsis is affected by seasonal variations. This study was done to rule out the effects of seasonal variation on neonatal sepsis and to determine isolated bacterial agents and their antibiotic sensitivity profile.ResultsThis cross-sectional study included100 neonates with suspected sepsis, and conducted during summer and winter seasons. High frequencies of neonatal morbidities were observed like poor feeding (98%), Jaundice (82%), pallor (76%), respiratory distress (66%) and convulsions (64%) in winter, whereas fever (40%) and edema (12%) in summer. Statically significant correlation was found between the seasonal variations and different symptomatic expression of bacteremia like jaundice, respiratory distress, convulsions and poor feeding (p value < 0.001) in winter, while pallor, fever and edema (p value < 0.05) in summer. Our study showed high proportion of neonatal infection with Gram negative bacteria, as (40%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa and (16%) Escherichia coli in winter season, while (22%) Enterobacter in summer. Carbapenems was very effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates, Klebsiella pneumonia, Enterobacter, Acinetobacter, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria, while theses bacterial isolates showed (80–100%) resistance to Unasyn and Cephalosporins (3rd generation).ConclusionThis study showed that Seasonal variations had effects on neonatal sepsis regarding their both different symptomatic expressions and bacterial isolates. Most of isolates were sensitive to Carbapenems and resistant to both Unasyn and Cephalosporins (3rd generation).
Highlights
Neonatal sepsis is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates
There was significant decrease in hemoglobin (HG) and platelet count (PLT), total leukocytic count (TLC) in winter cases when compared to summer cases
Our study illustrated significant increase in cases delivered by Cesarean section (CS) in winter and it may be associated with the risk of neonatal sepsis development this agree with results of (Moges et al 2017; Utomo 2016) and disagree with Siakwa et al 2014
Summary
Neonatal sepsis is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates. This study was done to rule out the effects of seasonal variation on neonatal sepsis and to determine isolated bacterial agents and their antibiotic sensitivity profile. Neonatal sepsis is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates (Mohammad et al 2014). Among the under 5 year-old children deaths, neonatal mortality rate raised from 37 to 42% in period from 2000 to 2013 (Kassebaum et al.2014). Almost all of these deaths usually occur in low socioeconomic countries and about one million of these deaths are due to infections like neonatal sepsis, pneumonia and meningitis (Black et al 2010). Another study performed in South Sinai hospitals (2016) declared that incidence of neonatal sepsis was about 8.6% during the study period due to the abundance of risk factors in this area (Medhat and El Kalioby 2017)
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