Assessment of QT dispersion in symptomatic patients with congenital long QT syndromes

Abstract

It has been suggested that QT dispersion recorded on the surface electrocardiogram may be a predictor of arrhythmic events in patients with congenital QT prolongation. To evaluate this, 9 patients (6 female, mean age 17.6 years) with congenital long QT syndromes, all of whom had syncope and documented torsades de pointes, were studied. Patients were studied off treatment and during therapy with β-blocking agents. Three patients were also studied after left stellate ganglionectomy. An age-matched control group was also studied. Good quality 12-lead electrocardiograms were recorded from all patients. For each lead, QT and RR intervals were measured, and QTc value was calculated. QT and QTc dispersions were calculated for each patient. Patients had a significantly longer mean QT interval compared with that of the control group (450 ± 100 vs 359 ± 63 ms; p = 0.015) at similar mean RR intervals (736 ± 231 vs 783 ± 289 ms), with a longer mean QTc value (0.53 ± 0.08 vs 0.41 ± 0.02 s 1 2 ; p = 0.004). Patients also had longer QT and QTc dispersions compared with those of the control group (110 ± 45 vs 43 ± 12 ms [p = 0.004], and 0.108 ± 0.03 vs 0.05 ± 0.02 s 1 2 [p = 0.002], respectively). QT and QTc dispersions on and off β-blocking agents were not significantly different. Comparing patients with frequent and those with infrequent symptoms, there was no difference in QT or QTc dispersion either off treatment or during therapy with β-blocking agents. There was an increase in mean QT interval and QTc value in patients with frequent symptoms on β-blocking agents. On β-blocking agents, patients with frequent symptoms had a significantly longer mean QTc value compared with that of those with infrequent symptoms. There was no change in QT or QTc dispersion, mean QT or RR interval, or mean QTc value after left stellate ganglionectomy. QT-interval dispersion is observed in patients with congenital long QT syndromes; however, the degree of dispersion is not related to the severity of symptoms, nor influenced by treatment with β-blocking agents.