Abstract
The most commonly used tumor marker in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). It has been routinely used for monitoring the prognosis of disease, but not for its detection. There is always a quest of new biomarkers for detection of HCC. The present study has been designed to determine the level of prothrombin induced by vitamin K absence-II (PIVKA II) in sera of patients suffering from HCC.
Highlights
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is considered to be the most common primary cancer of the liver
The present study has been designed to determine the level of prothrombin induced by vitamin K absence-II (PIVKA II) in sera of patients suffering from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
The aim of this study is to evaluate the PIVKA II as a biomarker for HCC independently or along with AFP to predict better sensitivity or specificity for diagnosing HCC
Summary
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is considered to be the most common primary cancer of the liver. Liver cancer is the sixth most commonly diagnosed cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer death worldwide in 2018 [1]. Age-standardised mortality rates (ASMR) from liver cancer in 2018 in both genders were highest in Eastern Asia (16.0) and lowest in South Central Asia (2.3). By 2040 irrespective of sex and age group the estimated number of deaths from liver cancer increases by 64.3% [2]. The preventable common risk factors for HCC are Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, liver cirrhosis and environmental toxins like aflatoxin, arecanut and contamination of ground water by industrial waste and use of various carcinogenic agricultural pesticide. Metabolic diseases, life style changes, and genetic factors are known risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma. The diagnosis of HCC includes serum markers, different imaging techniques and histological analysis
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