Assessment of outcomes and complications of posterior pharyngeal wall augmentation with dermal fat graft in patients with Velopharyngeal Insufficiency (VPI) after primary cleft palate repair: A pilot study

Abstract

IntroductionMaterials used for posterior pharyngeal wall augmentation have been associated with important complications (exogenous materials) or variable and unpredictable durability (exogenous and endogenous materials); therefore, introducing a different material for augmenting the posterior pharyngeal wall seems necessary for reviving this relatively forgotten technique.The purpose of this study was to emphasize on the use of a material associated with minimal complications and maximum recovery and durability in correcting VPI and the use of evaluative adjuncts such as nasoendoscopy and videofluoroscopy to assess surgical outcomes. MethodsIn a pilot study, 24 patients underwent posterior pharyngeal wall augmentation with dermal fat graft harvested from the low crease abdominal region. Early and late complications, autologous graft durability in posterior pharynx, and speech improvement were assessed. ResultsThere was a significant improvement in hypernasality, nasal emission, and nasal grimace after posterior pharyngeal wall augmentation with dermal fat graft (p<0.0001). The authors observed no significant life-threatening complication. The most evident short-term complication was snoring, which occurred in five patients, and all relieved uneventfully. ConclusionThe authors believe that augmenting the posterior pharyngeal wall with dermal fat graft is effective in improving hypernasality in patients with moderate velopharyngeal gap size and relatively adequate velar motion. This method has minimal complication profile because of autologous tissue application.