Lip feminization: A review

Abstract

BackgroundFacial feminization involves a broad array of procedures tailored to transgender women, with lip feminization emerging as a crucial element because of its significant impact on gender expression. Despite its importance, there is a dearth of studies singularly dedicated to lip feminization within this demographic. ObjectivesThis review aimed to consolidate knowledge on various techniques (surgical and nonsurgical), outcomes, and patient satisfaction related to lip feminization, thereby highlighting its integral role in facial feminization and its significance in affirming transgender women's identity. MethodsA systematic search of PubMed, MedLine, and Embase databases was conducted, focusing on studies published up to April 18, 2024. Inclusion criteria were centered on articles addressing the techniques and outcomes of lip feminization. A rigorous screening process was applied to identify relevant literature, which was then reviewed for data extraction on techniques, outcomes, complications, and patient satisfaction. ResultsAmong the initial 28 publications, 21 articles remained. These studies provided insights into surgical and nonsurgical techniques for lip feminization and reported high-satisfaction rates within a broader scope of facial feminization surgeries. Notably, specific data on lip feminization were sparse and often extrapolated either from broader facial feminization research or studies on cisgender populations. ConclusionThis review established that lip feminization is a crucial but under researched aspect of gender-affirming care. Recognizing the high-satisfaction rates reported for facial feminization, this study advocated for detailed, procedure-specific research to optimize outcomes for transgender women seeking lip feminization.