Assessment of Meat-Type Sheep Welfare Using Animal-Based Measures.

Naceur M’Hamdi,Rachid Bouraoui,Cyrine Darej,Hajer M’Hamdi,Khaoula Attia,Lamjed Marzouki,Ibrahim El Akram Znaïdi,Hajer Guesmi,Moez Ayadi

doi:10.3390/ani11072120

Abstract

Simple SummaryThere was every indication that animal welfare will continue to be a major issue affecting livestock farming in the future. The main welfare issues affecting sheep were feeding strategies, health, and diseases. The health problems of sheep are avoidable with good grazing, breeding, and stockmanship. However, sheep must be given adequate supervision to ensure that any welfare issues are quickly noticed and addressed. Assessing animal welfare can be used as management tools by farmers to identify welfare issues and recognize poor welfare.This study aimed to assess the welfare of Tunisian sheep in extensive sheep production systems using animal-based measures of ewe welfare. This study encompasses the first national survey of sheep welfare in which animal-based outcomes were tested. Animal-based welfare measures were derived from previous welfare protocols. Fifty-two Tunisian farms were studied and a number from 20 to 100 animals by flock were examinated. The whole flock was also observed to detect clinical diseases, lameness, and coughing. The human-animal relationship was selected as welfare indicators. It was evaluated through the avoidance distance test. The average avoidance distance was 10.47 ± 1.23 and 8.12 ± 0.97 m for a novel person and farmer, respectively. The global mean of body condition score (BCS) was 2.4 with 47% of ewes having a BCS of two, which may be associated with an increased risk of nutritional stress, disease, and low productivity. Ten farms had more than 7% of lambs with a low body condition score, which may be an indication of a welfare problem. The results obtained in the present study suggest that the used animal-based measures were the most reliable indicators that can be included in welfare protocols for extensive sheep production systems.

Highlights

Sheep farming in Tunisia occupies an important place in the economic and social levels
More than 75% of the body condition score (BCS) of ewes recorded in the study ranged from 2.5 to 3.5 at lambing
We can conclude that on-farm welfare assessments can be used for immediate or ongoing on-farm monitoring by farmers

Summary

Introduction

Sheep farming in Tunisia occupies an important place in the economic and social levels. It is the main source of income for most of the rural population [1]. The national sheep flock size accounts for 3.7 million heads of sheep and contributes to around 42.5% of the red meat and 5% of milk production [2]. The concept of welfare in animals has gained importance in recent years. That is due to the fact that ensuring animal welfare is a duty that has to be performed legally and ethically but it should be considered as a way of direct economic contribution to the enterprise. The welfare of animals means a life away from any undesired emotions (pain, suffering, and distress)

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