Assessment of low-growing forms of apple clonal rootstocks in the conditions of the Orenburg region

Abstract

In Russia, as in other countries, breeding work is being carried out to remove the weakest clonal apple rootstocks that are most resistant to adverse environmental factors. The study of the forms of clonal rootstocks of apple trees in irrigated conditions was carried out in 2021-2022 on the basis of the Orenburg branch of the Federal State Budgetary Research Center for Horticulture. The objects of research were the forms of clonal rootstocks of apple trees: OB 2-15, OB 2-24, OB 4-3, OB 2-14, OB 3-14, OB 3-11, OB 2-2, Volga 8, Volga 3, K-1, K-2, ARM-18, 76-23-2, 54 118, 58238, 64-143, Ural 1, Ural 3, Ural 5 No. 8, Ural 5 No. 10, Ural 11, Ural 11 KR. According to the results of the research, the forms of low-growing clonal rootstocks of apple trees OB 2-14, OB 3-14, OB 3-11 were distinguished, characterized by the following indicators: the yield of cuttings from the bush and the unit area (ha) of 2.7 pcs. and 48.1 thousand pcs./ha, 4.2 pcs. and 50.3 thousand pcs./ha, 3.9 pcs. and 50.6 thousand pcs./ha, respectively, with rooting up to 4.5 points. These forms have shown high adaptive capabilities in the extreme conditions of the steppe zone of the Orenburg region and are the starting material for laying intensive plantings.