Abstract
The applicability of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) coupled with chemometrics for determining butter adulteration with margarine was investigated. LIBS spectra of butter and margarine samples were obtained within the range of 186–900 nm. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS) were used for data analysis. A score plot clearly discriminating butter and margarine samples as well as their blind samples was drawn using principal component 1 (PC1) and principal component 2 (PC2), which explained 88.76% and 9.16% of the variance, respectively. Root mean square error of calibration and root mean square error of prediction values were found to be 2.02 and 3.37 for PLS calibration and validation models, respectively. Limit of detection and limit of quantitation values were calculated as 3.9% and 11.8%, while relative standard error and relative error of prediction values were calculated as 11.3% and 13.0%.
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