Abstract
E-cigarette (vaping) conventions are public events promoting electronic cigarettes, in which indoor use of e-cigarettes is allowed. The large concentration of people using e-cigarettes and poor air ventilation can result in indoor air pollution. In order to estimate this worst-case exposure to e-cigarettes, we evaluated indoor air quality in a vaping convention in Maryland (MD), USA. Real-time concentrations of particulate matter (PM10) and real-time total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs), CO2 and NO2 concentrations were measured. Integrated samples of air nicotine and PM10 concentrations were also collected. The number of attendees was estimated to range from 75 to 600 at any single observation time. The estimated 24-h time-weighted average (TWA) PM10 was 1800 μg/m3, 12-fold higher than the EPA 24-h regulation (150 μg/m3). Median (range) indoor TVOCs concentration was 0.13 (0.04–0.3) ppm. PM10 and TVOC concentrations were highly correlated with CO2 concentrations, indicating the high number of people using e-cigarettes and poor indoor air quality. Air nicotine concentration was 125 μg/m3, equivalent to concentrations measured in bars and nightclubs. E-cigarette aerosol in a vaping convention that congregates many e-cigarette users is a major source of PM10, air nicotine and VOCs, impairing indoor air quality. These findings also raise occupational concerns for e-cigarette vendors and other venue staff workers.
Highlights
Electronic cigarettes are battery-powered devices that deliver an aerosol with or without nicotine and flavorings, instead of burning tobacco [1]
Sampling for nicotine, total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs), CO2, NO2, temperature and relative humidity lasted for 400 min
Particulate matter smaller than 10 μm (PM10), TVOCs, and CO2 concentrations significantly decreased during the personnel transition outside the venue
Summary
Electronic cigarettes ( called Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems and e-cigarettes) are battery-powered devices that deliver an aerosol with or without nicotine and flavorings, instead of burning tobacco [1]. Vape expos, are public events that promote the newest device trends and flavors, and provide information on e-cigarette products. These events attract a large number of e-cigarette enthusiasts, vendors, and local residents, and allow (and promote) e-cigarette use inside the venues. Secondhand exposure from e-cigarettes, like the one measured in this study, mainly comes from the aerosol exhaled by e-cigarette users. Another study found that exposure to the secondhand aerosol was associated with an increase in serum cotinine levels similar to traditional cigarette smokers [17]. There are currently no published studies on the health effects of secondhand e-cigarette aerosol exposure. Nicotine exposure has been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal disorders, decreased immune response, and DNA mutations leading to cancer [19]
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