Abstract
Human respiratory patterns at chest and abdomen are associated with both physical and emotional states. Accurate measurement of the respiratory patterns provides an approach to assess and analyze the physical and emotional states of the subject persons. Not many research efforts have been made to wirelessly assess different respiration patterns, largely due to the inaccuracy of the conventional continuous-wave radar sensor to track the original signal pattern of slow respiratory movements. This paper presents the accurate assessment of different respiratory patterns based on noncontact Doppler radar sensing. This paper evaluates the feasibility of accurately monitoring different human respiration patterns via noncontact radar sensing. A 2.4 GHz DC coupled multi-radar system was used for accurate measurement of the complete respiration patterns without any signal distortion. Experiments were carried out in the lab environment to measure the different respiration patterns when the subject person performed natural breathing, chest breathing and diaphragmatic breathing. The experimental results showed that accurate assessment of different respiration patterns is feasible using the proposed noncontact radar sensing technique.
Highlights
Respiration is the natural physiological activity that is regulated by the human brain to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with outside air
Each subject person has a different physical characteristics and each experiment has different surrounding environment, which leads to different direct current (DC) offsets
In the newly developed radar sensor system, the function of automatic DC offset tuning has been integrated in the microcontroller in the baseband circuitry
Summary
Respiration is the natural physiological activity that is regulated by the human brain to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with outside air. The respiration motion is not invariable, but changes in correspondence to different physical and emotional states, such as speaking, singing, fear, stress, etc. “speech” is featured by shorter inspiration and longer expiration [2], and “fear” presents a shallow and rapid respiration pattern [3]. According to the National Center for Voice and Speech, improved breath control is essential to good singing, and beneficial to the refinement of speech skills for those who frequently use their voice, e.g., lawyers and sales personnel. It is necessary to develop breathing skills to use the support from diaphragmatic or abdominal muscle for optimal singing/speech performance [4]. Chest breathing is human’s natural response to emergencies
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