Assessment of Groundwater Hydrochemistry Using Multivariate Statistical Analysis Techniques and Aquachem (Piper Trilinear) the Case Study of Wabishable Basin, Ethiopia

Abstract

To evaluate the spatial the characterization of the groundwater distribution of the Wabishable basin in Ethiopia using Multivariate statistical Analysis (cluster analysis and R-mode factor analysis) and Aquchem modeling. In this study use 13 physico-chemical parameters were selected Data sets from tested 107 wells samples which include: PH, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), potassium (K), chloride (Cl), sulfate (SO4 ), bicarbonate (HCO3 ), nitrate (NO3 ), iron (Fe) TDS (total dissolved solid), electrical conductivity (EC). Based on Cluster analysis 107 sampling wells divided into two clusters grouped, such as fresh water (group1), and brackish water (group 2) based on the similarity of water quality characteristics. Factor analysis helped in identifying the factors or sources responsible for water quality variations. The varifactors obtained from factor analysis indicate that the parameters responsible for water quality variations are mainly related to water-rock interaction, agricultural activities and discharge recharge area. Further, SAR (0.28>SAR< 26.47), percent sodium (2.67 > %Na < 55.62). The overall water quality of the basin is good WQI (35 >WQI < 100) values recommended suitability for drinking water is (Good, 85%), for irrigation is (, Excellent, 95%), for Livestock (Good, 92%)