Abstract
This paper presents a small-signal analysis of different grid side controllers for full power converter wind turbines with inertia response capability. In real wind turbines, the DC link controller, the drivetrain damping controller and the inertial response might present contradictory control actions in a close bandwidth range. This situation might lead to reduced control performance, increased component stress and non-compliance of connection agreements. The paper presents an analysis of the internal wind turbine dynamics by considering different grid-side converter control topologies: standard current control used in the wind industry, standard current control with inertia emulation capabilities and virtual synchronous machines. Comments are made on the similarities between each topology and the negative effects and limits, and possible remedies are discussed. Finally, the conclusion poses that the inclusion of a DC link voltage controller reduces the ability of a converter to respond to external frequency events without energy storage. The degradation increases with the DC link voltage control speed.
Highlights
The decarbonisation of electrical generation has become a priority to mitigate the effects of climate change [1]
Several researchers have suggested that the provision of inertia from converter-based systems might be beneficial for the power system [7], but current control, the most popular type of converter control for the integration of renewable power into the grid, cannot support this service
This paper presents analysis of three wind-turbine-connected network converter control topologies, including generator and drivetrain dynamics: power voltage current control, power voltage current control with inertia emulation and a virtual synchronous machine
Summary
The decarbonisation of electrical generation has become a priority to mitigate the effects of climate change [1]. Solar and other forms of electric renewable generation are interfaced with a power converter, providing more controllability and flexibility but challenging traditional network operation and control [3]. Literature considering the impact of internal wind turbine dynamics on network stability is limited This situation can only be analysed with the inclusion of a back-to-back converter, which leads to the necessity of a DC link voltage controller. It presents the analyses conducted on the DC link controller location, the effect of differing the DC link voltage gains on the generator and network side converter, and the result of using an inertia feedforward to the generator side converter.
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