Abstract
The purpose of the study is to assess whether the inclusion of investments in gold and/or crude oil improves an investment portfolio consisting of shares of enterprises included in the WIG20 index (traditional investments). All possible combinations of investment portfolios with minimal risk and maximum efficiency were tested. The portfolios were determined based on Markowitz’s portfolio theory. All results were compared with a naive strategy. In total, nearly 55,000 investment portfolios consisting of three, four or five investments were constructed. The study showed that the application of portfolio theory contributes to obtaining better results than a naive strategy. The minimum risk portfolios that included gold and crude oil showed a risk reduction of 0.39 p.p. on average and a maximum cumulative loss of 7.85 p.p. on average. Portfolios with maximum efficiency achieved an average increase in the rate of return of the investment portfolio of 0.024 p.p. and an average increase in efficiency of 0.0256.
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