Abstract
The possible genotoxic activity of Dichlorvos (2,2-Dichlorovinyl-O,O-dimethyl phosphate/DDVP, CAS No. 62-73-7), an organophosphorus insecticide was investigated employing three cytogenetic end points, i.e. micronucleus (MN) assay, mitotic indices (MI) and chromosome abberation (CA) analysis in vivo. The assays were carried out in hematopoietic bone marrow cells of Mus musculus at concentrations of 10, 20 and 30% of LD50 for intraperitoneal (ip) administration, corresponding to 0.06, 0.08 and 0.13 mg/kg Bwt, respectively. The normal control group received single ip dose of distilled water (2 ml/100 g Bwt), while animals of the positive group were injected with cyclophosphamide, a model mutagen (40 mg/kg Bwt) under identical conditions. The animals were sacrificed 24, 48 and 72 hrs post treatment. Under the present experimental conditions, there was no evidence of significant increase of MN frequencies at any dose or sampling time in polychromatic (PCE) and normochromatic (NCE) erythrocytes. The PCE/NCE ratio was not notably affected; however, a slight depression in prolonged exposure (48, 72 hr) intervals and a slight increase at the 24 hr interval were observed. Cells with various structural chromosome aberrations were noted but no significant (p<0.05; Man-Whitney U-test) differences in the frequencies of CA or mitotic indices (p<0.05; χ2 test) were observed between Dichlorvos treated groups and the normal control group at doses or time intervals used. The results of the present investigation reflects a negative in vivo genotoxic potential of Dichlorvos at sublethal doses in bone marrow cells. Further studies are underway to confirm the presence or absence of genotoxic activity since compounds negative in genotoxic evaluation are susceptible of being carcinogens triggering cancer by genotoxic or non–genotoxic mechanisms.
Highlights
The concern over potential hazards of organophosphorus (OP) pesticides was raised as soon as trimethyl phosphate was reported to be mutagenic in mice (Epstein et al, 1970).Since these became most favored and contributed be so till recently (Tripathi & Srivastav, 2010)
DDVP insecticide, Crystal phosphate Limited, India) with a purity of 98% was used for preparing stock solution
The MN and chromosome abberation (CA) were carried out for each test group per sacrifice interval and analysis and are given in Table 1 and Table 2 along with the representative figures of each assay in Figure 1, while Table 3 presents the mitotic indices (MI) of scored metaphase cells
Summary
The concern over potential hazards of organophosphorus (OP) pesticides was raised as soon as trimethyl phosphate was reported to be mutagenic in mice (Epstein et al, 1970).Since these became most favored and contributed be so till recently (Tripathi & Srivastav, 2010). The concern over potential hazards of organophosphorus (OP) pesticides was raised as soon as trimethyl phosphate was reported to be mutagenic in mice (Epstein et al, 1970). The worldwide increase of OP compunds in food and fiber production and their extended use in the control of major disease carrying vectors make them highly alarming (Rahman et al, 2002; Chen et al, 1999). Their effect on non target organisms including humans further necessitated their assessment Some of the OP compounds have been in use for a long time yet without significant attempts of assessment; one such compound is Dichlorvos
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