Assessment of genetic diversity among two in vitro Aole barbadensis and Aloe littoralis regenerated plants using c-value DNA of flow cytometry

Abstract

Aloe belonging to the family Asphodelaceae family, formerly Liliaceae, is a genus of herbaceous and succulents. Shoot tip of 2-3 cm were collected from offshoot of Aloe barbadensis and Aloe littoralis, explants were surface sterilized, after were inoculated with MS medium containing various concentrations of BA (0.5, 1, 2 mg/L), IAA (0.5, 1 mg/L). The cultures were incubated at 25 ± 2°C under a 16 h photoperiod. In A. barbadensis and A. littoralis, the best treatment for highest shoot number and bud proliferation was MS medium containing 2 mg/L BA and 0.5 mg/L IAA. Maximum percentage of proliferated shoot buds (90% and 95%) from a single explant were obtained in MS medium after 4-5 weeks of the second and the first subcultures, respectively. Both of the species were adventitious root induced in MS medium containing 0.5 mg/L BAP and 0.5 mg/L IAA after the second subculture. Genome size of the regenerated plants in A. barbadensis and A. littoralis species were differed in different treatments (from 30.66 pg to 39.62 pg, 2C value). One sample T-test showed significant difference (P=0.001) between genome sizes of two species studied when A. littoralis showed higher C-value in comparison to A. barbadensis. Different genome sizes were also indicated among treatments and subcultures. The mixoploids identified in flow cytometry histograms by the presence of two or three peaks of in A. barbadensis and A. littoralis histograms in apple regenerated plants in different treatments and subcultures in treatment 2 (BA 1 mg/L, IAA 0.5 mg/L).