Abstract
Grain production is a strategic element of the agricultural and food complex in Russia, which predetermines its fundamental importance in food security. The task of the increase in the level of grain yields is still urgent, despite the full satisfaction of the needs of the domestic market of Russia due to the benefits from grain exports. The authors assess the influence of the intensification processes on yield level taking into account the elimination of the influence of scale factor. During the research such statistical methods as correlation-regression and cluster were used as analysis tools. The authors revealed a pattern that a higher level of production costs per 1 hectare of grain crops provided a correspondingly higher yield. In the context of total large grain-sowing companies with an area of crops from 4 to 11 thousand hectares, a relatively high elasticity of production costs was revealed (0.87), which was higher than in the group of medium-sized companies (from 2 to 4 thousand hectares) by 0, 37 points. The scale factor had a significant influence on the intensification process and on the yield respectively. The model of the relationship between the size of cultivated areas and the yield of grain crops was qualitatively described by a parabola with a high degree of stochastic relationship. The maximum yield value was reached by a group of large grain-sowing companies with an area of crops from 5 to 10 thousand hectares, while in very large agricultural companies the yield was lower and was at the average level for the region.
Highlights
Grain crops are the basis of agricultural production in Russia
Since in the main grain-producing regions of Russia, the plowed area sometimes reaches 80%, due attention should be paid to the intensive factors in order to obtain a high and stable yield of grain crops [3]
The correlation is assessed within the entire array of agricultural companies of the Kursk region, engaged in the cultivation of grain crops and in the context of enlarged clusters formed by the value of regressor
Summary
Grain crops are the basis of agricultural production in Russia. They present the basic group in crop and forage production. Grain crops are the main consumer product in the context of the food security of the country in an unfavorable global geopolitical situation [1]. Grain production is one of the few areas of national agriculture that fully covers the needs of the Russian domestic market, and has a high export potential. Since in the main grain-producing regions of Russia, the plowed area sometimes reaches 80%, due attention should be paid to the intensive factors in order to obtain a high and stable yield of grain crops [3]
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