ОЦЕНКА СОВРЕМЕННЫХ БИОКЛИМАТИЧЕСКИХ РЕСУРСОВ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВ РОСТА УРОЖАЙНОСТИ В ПОСТЦЕЛИННЫХ РЕГИОНАХ УРАЛА И ЗАПАДНОЙ СИБИРИ

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An assessment of the bioclimatic potential of agricultural territories is necessary to evaluate the utilization rate and the development of highly efficient zonal resource-saving farming systems. The purpose of the research was to assess the current level of the bioclimatic resources of the post-virgin regions of the Urals and Western Siberia to determine the levels of climatically provided yields, to identify the limiting factors and reserves of field agrocenoses productivity growth. Data on air temperature, precipitation level, air humidity deficit, and yield of grain crops (1990–2019) in the main post-virgin territories of the Orenburg, Kurgan, Omsk regions, and Altai Krai were the object of research. Comparative assessment of the biological productivity of the studied territories was carried out according to the method of D. I. Shashko in points in the context of average productivity. We established that the economic productivity of grain crops in the analyzed regions today was significantly lower than the potential one (calculated according to the bioclimatic potential (BCP)). Even if the grain yield in the Kurgan and Omsk regions is at the highest level (1.36–1.75 t/ha), the efficiency of BCP using is only 27–38 %. Precipitation is the main limiting climatic factor. Lack of precipitation against the background of growing amounts of effective temperatures is accompanied by an increase in air humidity deficits. The conducted studies allowed us to conclude that with the help of highly efficient use of bioclimatic resources in the post-virgin regions of the Urals and Western Siberia under the conditions of modern natural and anthropogenic changes, a significant (2.0–2.5 times) increase in the yield of grain crops is possible compared to the current level. As priorities, when developing adaptive technological methods, along with the careful implementation of technological discipline, one should also consider the technological methods aimed at more complete preservation of atmospheric precipitation and efficient use of soil moisture, including no-till technologies and components of “digital technologies”, as well as pay attention to the development of irrigation.