Abstract
Introduction: electrocardiogram (ECG) indices as a valuable tool for the diagnosis depolarization and repolarization of the myocardium are affected by aerobic exercise and detraining. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 12-week moderate-intensity aerobic exercise and 5 months detraining on electrocardiogram (ECG) indices in post-menopausal women. Methods: Twenty-four post-menopausal women aged 50-70 years were randomly assigned to Exercise (E, n=12) and Control (C, n=12) groups. E group performed of 12 weeks moderate-intensity aerobic exercise program (W-WJMIAEP-R), and then 5 months detraining remained, but the C group participated in no intervention during 8-month. The ECG indices were measured at baseline, after 12-week exercise, and after 5-month detraining. Results: After 12-week in between-groups, ECG indices were not significantly different (P>0.05), except P-R interval (P≤0.05). After 5-month detraining in between-groups were not a significant difference for dependent variables (P>0.05), except P-R segment and S-T interval (P≤0.05). Conclusion: The Results suggest that 12 weeks of W-WJMIAEP-R increases P-R interval in sedentary post-menopausal women that is likely to be effective in preventing heart arrhythmias. The P-R segment and S-T interval decreased significantly after 5 months detraining period that 12 weeks W-WJMIAEP-R induced-ECG positive adaptations such as decrease P-R segment and S-T interval are maintained even after 5-month detraining and consequently prevents the increase in atrial aging process in postmenopausal women.
Highlights
Electrocardiogram (ECG) indices are valuable tools for the diagnosis, depolarization, and repolarization of the myocardium during aerobic exercise and detraining
There was no significant difference between the E and C groups regarding baseline individual characteristics (Table 1)
After 5 months detraining, intergroups results exhibited that P-R segment (P = 0.012) in the E group and QRS complex (P = 0.011), P-R interval (P = 0.044), and S-T interval (P = 0.022) in the C group were significantly changed (Table 4 and Table 5)
Summary
Electrocardiogram (ECG) indices are valuable tools for the diagnosis, depolarization, and repolarization of the myocardium during aerobic exercise and detraining. Cardiovascular diseases in postmenopausal women are known as a global health problem.[1,2,3] According to the statistical studies, about 15 million Iranian people suffer from a cardiovascular disease that this rate is 4-times higher than global statistics, especially during menopause.[4] Due to the cardiovascular disease-induced mortality, identification and diagnosis of abnormal cardiac events at the early stages have attracted the attention of many cardiologists and exercise physiologists In this regard, electrocardiogram (ECG) provides a valuable tool for the diagnosis of depolarization and repolarization of myocardium and/or the electrical activity of the heart that produced by the ion changes leading to action potentials.[5] The components of the ECG complex include cardiac waves (P wave, QRS complex, and T wave) and cardiac segments & intervals (P–R segment, ST segment, Q–T interval, and P–R interval). Many factors affect the ECG changes including cardiovascular risk factors and cardiac biomarkers such as various diseases,[2] aging,[2,3] aerobic exercise,[3] physical inactivity, detraining,[3] and sex hormones[7] during menopause
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