Abstract
The aim of our work was to determine ecotoxicological risk of herbicides, insecticides, fungicides of different chemical classes with different mechanisms of action by the method of Melnikov M.M. and leaching potential index by the method of Sergeev S.G. and co-workers. It was established that in soil and climatic conditions of Ukraine ecotoxicological hazard of studied herbicides by (1-6) orders of magnitude, fungicides – by (3-5) orders, insecticides – by (2-3) orders lower than DDT. The least ecotoxic are herbicides of the last generations, then fungicides and the most ecotoxic are insecticides and herbicides of the old first generations. It was proved the high danger of groundwater contamination with studied herbicides, insecticides and fungicides, except for mesotrione, the application of which has moderate danger in the soil and climatic conditions of Ukraine. It was shown that in soil and climatic conditions of Ukraine, ability of migration from the soil into groundwater of metribuzin, thiamethoxam, paclobutrazole is high, topramezone and mesotrione – moderate, for other substances – low; in terms of hygienic standards in the ground itallows to avoid them getting into the soil flow and minimize the danger of groundwater contamination to public health.
Highlights
Population growth, industrial development and intensification of agriculture in Ukraine led to increased pollution of the environment with ecotoxicants
The aim of our study was to assess the ecotoxicological risk of herbicides, insecticides, fungicides of different chemical classes with different mechanisms of action
According to obtained data and to "Hygienic classification of pesticides and agrochemicals" State Standards 8.8.1.002-98 [16] herbicides isoxaflutole and mesotrione pertain to hazard class 4; fungicides topramezone, fluxapyroxad, cyflufenamid, famoxadone, oxathiapiprolin and herbicide metribuzin – to class 3; herbicide flufenacet and insecticides thiamethoxam, imidacloprid – to class 2 Other studied compounds - class 1
Summary
Population growth, industrial development and intensification of agriculture in Ukraine led to increased pollution of the environment with ecotoxicants. Many toxic substances entering the atmosphere, soil and water sources cause a negative impact on autochthonous flora of surface water and soil, plants, animals and human [17]. Among these ecotoxic substances pesticides occupy a special place. Pesticides are potentially harmful both for many species of flora and fauna and for humans. Assessment of environmental safety of pesticides and risk of their application is mandatory for their development and registration [10, 15]. The aim of our study was to assess the ecotoxicological risk of herbicides, insecticides, fungicides of different chemical classes with different mechanisms of action
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