Assessment of Ecosystem Service Supply, Demand, and Balance of Urban Green Spaces in a Typical Mountainous City: A Case Study on Chongqing, China.

Chang Luo,Xiangyi Li

doi:10.3390/ijerph182011002

Abstract

Objective measurement of the supply–demand of ecosystem services (ESs) has received increasing attention from recent studies. It reflects the relationship between green spaces and human society. However, these studies rarely assess the mountainous cities. To fill this gap, this study takes a typical mountainous city as a research case to reveal the supply–demand relationship of ecosystem services, then development and management strategies are proposed for different districts according to their spatial differentiation characteristics. Results shows that: (1) there are differences of ESs supply between each district, and supply from Banan District is significantly higher than others. (2) The demands for ES also vary widely, which are higher in the core urban areas. (3) There are different degrees of imbalance between supply and demand in each district. We classified green spaces into four types based on their supply–demand characteristics, and optimization strategies are proposed. We found that most of the districts are lack of ES supply while there is a relatively high demand for ES in Chongqing, and the balance of supply and demand between different districts varies greatly. Our study indicates that targeted urban green spaces strategies for different districts must be considered to adequately optimize ES in mountainous cities.

Highlights

IntroductionUrban greenspace (UGS) provides major ecosystem services for human societies [9,10,11]
The districts of Banan, Yubei, and Beibei have a relatively large scale of green spaces, the higher supply of ecosystem services was mainly distributed in these areas
We introduced the nighttime light data to identify the demand of ecosystem services

Summary

Introduction

Urban greenspace (UGS) provides major ecosystem services for human societies [9,10,11]. Rapid urbanization has brought large-scale changes of urban greenspaces, which has led to the imbalances of supply and demand of ecosystem services in urban areas [12,13]. The imbalance between supply and demand is reflected by the lack of ES supply capacity: the encroachment of urban development and the loss of green spaces directly lead to the decline of ES supply [14,15,16,17]. With continually declining supply and rising demand, the contradiction between natural environment and human society has become more acute [3,19,20]. In China, urban green spaces development is emphasized

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