Abstract
Objectives: To define the prevalence of dehiscence and fenestration and classify them in terms of the localization of fenestrations in a random sampled group of children and adolescent patients using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).Methods: CBCT performed at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology of patients referred by the paediatric dentistry clinic were included in this retrospective study. Image evaluations were performed by dentomaxillofacial radiologist (AA, asst. prof.), and these images were examined in three dimensions of the axial, coronal, and sagittal planes. Intraexaminer agreement for the evaluations were found acceptable. The presence/absence of dehiscence and/or fenestration, fenestration’s classification type, and localization of defects were recorded. Moreover, the presence/absence of periapical lesion in related root with dehiscence and fenestration was noted. For statistical analysis, The Chi-Square test, Fisher Freeman Halton Test, and Yates' Continuity of Correction were used.Results: 3061 roots in 1801 teeth of 120 cases were analyzed. The mean age was 9.97±2.22 years. Dehiscence was detected in 261(8.5%) roots of 161(8.9%) teeth, and fenestration was detected 63(2%) roots of 36(2%) teeth. The most common fenestration type was Type I, followed by Type II and IV. Dehiscence was observed more frequently in primary teeth than permanent teeth, and the difference was statistically significant (p:0.000). Dehiscence and fenestration incidence in maxillary teeth was significantly higher than in the mandibular teeth (pdehiscence:0.000, pfenestration:0.004). Apical lesions were observed more in primary teeth than permanent teeth for both defects.Conclusions: This study concludes that alveolar dehiscence and fenestrations are more common in primary teeth than permanent teeth. Moreover, these defects were detected more for the teeth in the maxilla. Concerning endodontic and orthodontic therapies in maxilla, use of CBCT is useful in determining the region's anatomical structure accurately in suspected cases of child and adolescent patients.
Highlights
Diagnosis of alveolar bone defects is crucial for dental practitioners due to the fact that the teeth sockets are formed and supported by the alveolar bone
Periapical lesions were observed more in primary teeth than permanent teeth for both defects. In this retrospective study 1801 teeth were inspected for dehiscence and fenestration defects in child and adolescent http://dentistry3000.pitt.edu patients
The current study showed that dehiscence (8.9 %) was seen more frequently than fenestration (2%), which is in line with previous researches [10, 11, 19, 21]. 90.7% of the dehiscence was on the buccal/labial side while 5% were on the lingual/palatinal side, and these findings are consistent with previous studies [9, 12, 18, 19]
Summary
Diagnosis of alveolar bone defects is crucial for dental practitioners due to the fact that the teeth sockets are formed and supported by the alveolar bone. The http://dentistry3000.pitt.edu alveolar bone structure should be correctly assessed for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment which affects positive prognosis[1, 3]. Destruction of the alveolar bone, caused by gingival inflammation spreading to the bone, is the leading cause of periodontal disease unless treated properly [4, 5]. This process is exacerbated by anatomical defects in the cortical bone layer that covers the root surfaces [6, 7]. The terms fenestration and dehiscence according to the Glossary of Endodontic Terms are described as follows [8]:
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