Abstract
Load and resistance factor design ~LRFD! is the standard structural design practice. In order for foundation design to be consistent with current structural design practice, the use of the same loads, load factors, and load combinations would be required. In this paper, we review the load factors presented in various LRFD codes from the United States, Canada, and Europe. A simple first-order second-moment ~FOSM! reliability analysis is presented to determine appropriate ranges for the values of the load factors. These values are compared with those proposed in the codes. The comparisons between the analysis and the codes show that the values of load factors given in the codes generally fall within ranges consistent with the results of the FOSM analysis. However, it would be desirable for the successful development and adoption of the geotechnical component of LRFD codes to have uniformity of load-factor values across different codes for the loads that are common for virtually all civil structures.
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