Abstract
This paper examines the effect of soil degradation, due to sewage sludges, on different age groups of the population in the City of Lahore, Pakistan. A large portion of soil around the City of Lahore has been contaminated with heavy metals such as Cd, Ni, Pb, and Cu due to application of sewage sludge/water for many years. The concentration of these metals was determined in the blood of various age groups of the population living in and around the City of Lahore. These metals were also determined in the blood samples of people suffering from various types of malignant cancer. The levels of these trace metals were found to be different in various cancer types, age groups, and between males and females. The results of these investigations showed that the average concentration levels of Cd and Ni were significantly higher in the blood of cancer patients as compared to controls, whereas the concentrations of Pb were only slightly higher in the blood of cancer patients as compared to controls. Copper levels in the blood of male cancer patients were slightly higher than the control and the opposite was the case for females.
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