Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate human chorionic gonadotropin beta subunit (CGB), gonadotropin releasing hormone type 1 (GNRH1), hepatocyte growth factor receptor (MET) and keratin 19 (KRT19) genes expression profile as a circulating tumor cells (CTC) marker in blood of cancer patients. Expression level of studied genes was assessed in peripheral blood of 122 patients with different types of cancers and 86 healthy volunteers using reverse transcription real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The result of the experiments demonstrated that in blood of cancer patients the level of MET transcripts showed positive correlation with KRT19 and negative correlation with GNRH1. In the control group negative correlation between CGB and GNRH1 was documented. What is more the level of CGB, MET and KRT19 expression was significantly higher in blood of cancer patients. Even though the analysis proved that studied genes are expressed in blood of both cancer patients and healthy volunteers, their expression level was highly heterogeneous. In order to interpret the results, the obtained data was log-transformed and fitted to multiplied normal distribution model using the maximal likelihood method. The results of this analysis showed elevated expression of CGB, MET and KRT19 together with extremely high levels of GNRH1 in blood of cancer patients which might indicate the presence of circulating tumor cells and increased risk of metastasis.
Highlights
Despite advances in early diagnostics and therapeutic strategies cancer remains a leading cause of death [1]
We have previously demonstrated that human chorionic gonadotropin beta subunit is a valuable marker of circulating tumor cells (CTC) in gynecological cancers [11]
The expression of four genes: chorionic gonadotropin beta subunit (CGB), keratin 19 (KRT19), MET and gonadotropin releasing hormone type 1 (GNRH1) was evaluated using real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-quantitative PCR (qPCR)) in peripheral blood of cancer patients as well as in blood of a control group consisting of healthy volunteers
Summary
Despite advances in early diagnostics and therapeutic strategies cancer remains a leading cause of death [1]. It has been demonstrated that in patients who have undergone complete removal of the primary tumor, the spread of tumor cells in their peripheral blood, referred to as circulating tumor cells (CTC), may be present [2]. These cells could be responsible for the later development of metasis [2,3,4]. CTC presence in peripheral blood of cancer patients may be used in recurrence risk assessment, monitoring of response to treatment, follow up studies as well as development of novel therapeutic agents [5,6]
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