Assessment of bioavailability and effects of chemicals due to remediation actions with caging mussels ( Anodonta anatina) at a creosote-contaminated lake sediment site

Abstract

A study was conducted at Lake Jämsänvesi in Central Finland, to identify the potential ecotoxicological risks of the remediation operation of a creosote-/PAH-contaminated lake sediment, made by capping during the years 1998–1999. Mussels ( Anodonta anatina) were deployed to the lake at the same time as the remediation operation was started in November 1998. The contaminated area (0.5 ha) was covered by a filter geotextile (polypropylene), gravel and sand (1–1.5 m) which were spread out on the ice and let to sink onto the bottom of the lake when the ice melted in May 1999. The possible impacts of capping to the adjacent environment were assessed from mussels exposed and particulate material settled (SPM) to collectors placed on the lake bottom. Mussel tissue, SPM, the water inside the collector were analyzed for polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAH)-compounds. Biological endpoints included body condition, glycogen and protein contents of adductor muscle. Mussels and SPM exposed downstream to the contaminated site (Site 3) contained the highest total PAH concentrations. Biota-sediment accumulation factors of acenaphthene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene and benzo(a)anthracene of mussels varied from 0.79 to 1.45. The glycogen and protein concentrations were lowest in adductor muscle from mussels exposed to conditions at Site 3. Concentrations of some PAH-compounds were found distinctly increased adjacent to the remediated area, possibly due to the agitation of contaminated sediment due to the capping. It is also possible that resuspension of sediment around remediated area (containing some PAHs) spread the deposited PAH-compounds.