Abstract
The service tree (Sorbus domestica) is a wild fruit tree with immense medicinal and industrial value. This study aimed at determining the four major groups of antioxidants (flavonoids, phenolic acids and aldehydes, catechin and procyanidin) in rootstocks of Crataegus laevigata (genotypes O-LE-14 and O-LE-21), Aronia melanocarpa (genotypes O-LE-14 and O-LE-21), Chaenomeles japonica (genotype O-LE-9) and Cydonia oblonga (BA 29) (genotypes O-LE-14 and O-LE-21). Hyperoside (Quercetin 3-D-galactoside) was the most abundant flavonoid compound, since its average content in the rootstocks of Crataegus laevigata (O-LE-21) was 180.68 ± 0.04 μg·g−1. Dihydrokaempherol was the least frequently found flavonoid compound, with an average concentration of 0.43 ± 0.01 μg·g−1 in all the rootstocks of plants considered in this study. Among the phenolic compounds, the most represented one was protocatechuic acid, with 955.92 ± 10.25 μg·g−1 in the rootstocks of Aronia melanocarpa (O-LE-14). On the other hand, the least represented p-Coumaric acid exhibited the average concentration of 0.34 ± 0.01 μg·g−1 in the plant rootstocks. Epicatechin was the most abundant catechin compound, with a content of 3196.37 ± 50.10 μg·g−1 in the rootstocks of Aronia melanocarpa (O-LE-14). The lowest represented catechin compound was epigallocatechin, with the average concentration of 0.95 ± 0.08 μg·g−1 in the screened plant rootstocks. From the procyanidin compounds, the most abundant one was procyanidin b2 in the rootstocks of Crataegus laevigata (O-LE-14), with a concentration of 5550.40 ± 99.56 μg·g−1. On the contrary, procyanidin a2, with an average concentration of 40.35 ± 1.61 μg·g−1, represented the least frequent procyanidin compound in all the plant rootstocks screened herein.
Highlights
Plants are known to contain flavonoids, phenolic acids and aldehydes, along with catechin and procyanidin derivatives
Musacchi et al showed that the compounds that most closely respond to these requisites are the flavanol monomers epicatechin and catechin and the dimer procyanidin B2 with epicatechin, evincing the highest interface concentration increase in quince-in-compatible unions [28]. These data confirm the findings reported for apricot by
Lower abundance in gallic acid, sinapic acid and catechin in the more could be related to a lesser oxidative stress environment of the grafts, promoting a better compatible combination related to lesser oxidative stress environment the grafts, development of the graft could union.be
Summary
Plants are known to contain flavonoids, phenolic acids and aldehydes, along with catechin and procyanidin derivatives. Phenolic derivatives display well established antioxidant activities and contribute to various cellular functions [3,4,8,9,10,11,12,13,14] Due to their low bioavailability, humans can obtain these compounds directly through the consumption of plants, where various phenolic compounds participate in the process of cell division, development and differentiation [15]. These are important in terms of protection against herbivores, owing to their bitter taste and toxic potential. The concentration of particular phenolic compounds and their subsequent toxicity is highly variable, and depend on the particular plant part, its growth stage and the season of the year [16]
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