Abstract
We previously reported that horse antiserum against the Japanese equine influenza vaccine virus, A/equine/La Plata/1993 (LP93) exhibited reduced cross‐neutralization against some Florida sublineage Clade (Fc) 2 viruses, for example, A/equine/Carlow/2011 (CL11). As a result, Japanese vaccine manufacturers will replace LP93 with A/equine/Yokohama/aq13/2010 (Y10, Fc2). To assess the benefit of updating the vaccine, five horses vaccinated with inactivated Y10 vaccine and five vaccinated with inactivated LP93 were challenged by exposure to a nebulized aerosol of CL11. The durations of pyrexia (≥38.5°C) and other adverse clinical symptoms experienced by the Y10 group were significantly shorter than those of the LP93 group.
Highlights
Equine influenza (EI) caused by the H3N8 subtype of equine influenza A virus (EIV), characterized by coughing, nasal discharge, and pyrexia is considered the most important infectious respiratory disease of horses.[1]
We previously reported that horse antiserum raised against the Japanese vaccine virus, A/equine/La Plata/1993 (LP93, Argentine sublineage), showed limited cross-neutralization against some Fc2 viruses, for example, A/equine/Carlow/2011 (CL11) carrying the substitution (A144V) in antigenic site A of the hemagglutinin (HA).[2]
We previously reported that the virus neutralization (VN) titers of horse LP93 antiserum were ≥eightfold lower against Fc2 viruses with HA A144V
Summary
Equine influenza (EI) caused by the H3N8 subtype of equine influenza A virus (EIV), characterized by coughing, nasal discharge, and pyrexia is considered the most important infectious respiratory disease of horses.[1]. EIV diverged genetically into the Eurasian and American lineages in the 1980s, and the American lineage subsequently diverged into the Kentucky, Argentine, and Florida sublineages, with the Florida sublineage dominating in recent years. We previously reported that horse antiserum raised against the Japanese vaccine virus, A/equine/La Plata/1993 (LP93, Argentine sublineage), showed limited cross-neutralization against some Fc2 viruses, for example, A/equine/Carlow/2011 (CL11) carrying the substitution (A144V) in antigenic site A of the hemagglutinin (HA).[2] Reportedly, the majority of recent isolates in some European countries carries the substitution.[3] Japanese vaccine manufacturers will replace LP93 with an Fc2 strain (A/equine/Yokohama/aq13/2010: Y10), which shows the satisfactory characters for manufacturing vaccines (propagation ability, immunogenicity in mice, etc.).[4] Here, we compared the level of protection afforded by vaccines containing either inactivated Y10 or LP93, in horses experimentally challenged with CL11
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