Abstract
Results on the catalysis of ethylene dimerization by palladium exchanged X zeolites are critically assessed. The reaction is found to occur after an induction period which is due in part to reduction of Pd 2+ and Pd 3+ ions to Pd + ions and their migration towards the zeolite supercage. Paramagnetic palladium species are formed prior to detection of product butene and are assigned to Pd + -C 2 H 4 and Pd + -(C 2 H 4 ) 2 based on electron spin echo modulation analysis. These newly detected intermediates are used to develop a molecular mechanism mechanism for ethylene dimerization within zeolites.
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