Abstract
Traditional Ofada rice varieties from South-West, Nigeria is preferred for its unique taste, aroma and massive potential for export but has low yield. Based on this background, two Ofada rice varieties, FUNAABOR 1 and FUNAABOR 2 were irradiated to create genetic variability as it affects vegetative traits. Seeds from the varieties were exposed to nine levels of 60Co gamma irradiation (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350 and 400 Gy). The seeds were nursed for 30 days before M1 seedlings were transplanted into a well tilled soil in a two factorial RCBD with three replicates. Selections from M1 plants were used to establish M2 plants generation. The results revealed diverse effects of 60Co gamma irradiation treatments on different plant vegetative traits. The establishment rates of M1 Ofada rice population were unaffected (p > 0.01) by increasing gamma irradiation from 0 to 300 Gy but decreased at 350 Gy. Above 300 Gy, tiller numbers, plant height, lodging incidence, leaf number, leaf length and leaf angle decreased significantly when compared with control (p < 0.01) in both generations (M1 and M2). Moderately tillered (10 tillers), tall plant (116.9 cm) obtained from 350 dosage rate recorded highest grain weight of 7.8 g per panicle. High phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) promoted by the irradiation dosages in M1 selection indicate the extent of environmental influence. High broad sense heritability observed from leaf number, leaf angle, leaf length, leaf blade colour, basal leaf sheath colour and grain weight per panicle shows possibility of rapid genetic improvement of these characters through selection.
Highlights
Rice is an important staple food in Africa, consumed by more than 60% of Nigeria population and occupies a higher percentage in household food budget (Samarendu, 2013)
In Nigeria, rice is grown in all agro-ecological zones (Ojo et al, 2020) with significant proportion of traditional varieties cultivated in various parts of Nigeria
Ofada rice is one of the indigenous varieties grown in South-West, Nigeria and it gained more prominence in the last decade possibly due to its positive taste, natural flavour and higher nutritive value compared to polished rice to Akinbode et al (2011) but has low yield potential
Summary
Rice is an important staple food in Africa, consumed by more than 60% of Nigeria population and occupies a higher percentage in household food budget (Samarendu, 2013). Ofada rice is one of the indigenous varieties grown in South-West, Nigeria and it gained more prominence in the last decade possibly due to its positive taste, natural flavour and higher nutritive value compared to polished rice to Akinbode et al (2011) but has low yield potential. The mean yield of Ofada rice grown with or without fertilizer according to Saka et al (2005) was observed to be between 1.40 and 1.09 t ha–1, respectively while improved variety grown without fertilizer recorded 2.6 t ha–1. Improving the traditional varieties for a balance between vegetativeness and yield, in addition to other traits like days to maturity, genetic uniformity, diseases and pest tolerance is dire. Rice yield is determined by combined effect of different traits (Kumbhar et al, 2013).
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